Ga-Dangme of Ghana - Hebrew Igbo This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. We create research-based articles and handy infographics to help people understand the Bible. The nation of Israel was made up of tribesthe families descended from Jacobs sons (and grandsons). R. 3:1). 2.2 The Tribe of Simeon: History, Territory & 4 Lessons We can Learn. Ga | Encyclopedia.com Politics, policy, and https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ga-Adangbe_people&oldid=1137991226, Warren Gamaliel Kpakpo Akwei, also known as, John William Hansen, a singer, a composer, an arranger, a saxophonist, and a pioneer of highlife music. Joseph received the birthright from Jacob, and instead of just one tribe, he is the ancestor of two (Manasseh is the other). River Jordan. 12 tribes 1 (Levi) 1 (Joseph) + 1 (Ephraim) + 1 (Manasseh) = 12 tribes. heart free. Social Scene This is consistent with Jacobs prophecy concerning Simeon and his brother Levi: I will disperse them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel., The tribe of the priesthood. DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Despite the ritual being designated for older teenaged girls, it is not uncommon for young pre-adolescent and even toddler aged girls to take part.[10]. Also, in the Eastern Region and Volta Region of Ghana, about 15% of lands belong to the Dangme People. Proverbs.Let us consider or evaluate few of GaDangmes values and Through my own research I have found that the Ga-Dnagmes believe in one supreme being and an evil being who we would call Satan in Europe society. They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. Millet was formerly the staple food, but more common crops now include cassava, yams, corn (maize), plantain, cocoa, and palm oil. =), My understanding is Moses was raised as a prince of Egypt in the royal house hold until he discovered he was an Israelite, he was never a shepherd, Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. (Exodus 3:1). It is celebrated in remembrance of a great famine that hit the Ga people. Therefore, special coffins are often crafted by highly skilled carpenters since this tradition spread in the 1950s. Ga-Adangbe tribe is one of the ethnic groups in Ghana with vibrant culture. Gad's warriors embraced their role and were recognized as some of the best fighters in the loose confederation of the twelve Israelite tribes. genesis - Why are there 12 tribes of Israel and not 13? - Biblical Ga-Dangme Origins - GaDangme Heritage &Cultural Foundation - Weebly [8], Linguistically, the Ga-Dangbe speak the Kwa languages Ga and Dangme and are a patrilineal people. (403-698-5271.The foregoing supports the Jewish historian, Tamar Kind of. In the Torah, Leah offers Zilpah to Jacob so that he may have more children, then she raises those children as her own. In his early twenties Carter was given the name Ben Ammi by Rabbi Reuben of the Chicago Congregation of Ethiopian Hebrews. Being the seventh son and the offspring of a handmaiden forced him to assert himself. I enjoyed it very much. This is an excellent and informative work. wisdom. Enjoy! Thank you so much for this wonderful guide. The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. From there, they crossed the Volta age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. He says that one piece (Judah) will remain with Solomons son for the sake of Gods covenant with David (1 Ki 11:3132). From the 1820s on European missionaries arrived in the area and had a substantial impact. ORIGINS AND TRADITIONAL CUSTOMS by Dr. Joseph Nii Abekar Mensah, PhD. Reuben didnt sleep with Zilpah, he slept with Bilhah. ..More. I really enjoyed reading this! Gad was a son of Zilpah, a handmaiden of Jacob's wife, Leah. Dan and their children (Numbers 1:1-54).Biblical history Music of the Ga-Dangbe people also include [Klama], [Kpatsa] and the Dipo dance all of the Krobo people. Disciple Menu. This Also, you know how there are many who claim that everyone from the Northern Kingdom were either completely wiped out or intermarried with foreigners to the point of losing their Hebrew ethnicity? March 3, 2023 Updated Fri., March 3, 2023 at 4:02 p.m.. Russian President Vladimir Putin arrives to deliver . Dangme occupations are fishing, trading and farming which is based on the Huza system. sane This means that peace brings no trouble in its wake. I had known that prior to the divide there were about 48 Levite Cities scattered through each tribe, with a total of 13 in the territorites of Judah & Benjamin. Examples are: NIIKOILAI (Rev:2, 6, 15); AMASA (2 Samuel 17, principle which runs throughout the Bible. 17. This tribe was probably very detached from the other tribes, remaining just like Reuben mostly a nomadic tribe of herders. The Dangme proverb: Yi kake ye da mi or the Ga proverb: Yitso The Dangbe people from Ada celebrate the Asafotu festival, which is also called 'Asafotufiam', an annual warrior's festival celebrated by Ada people from the last Thursday of July to the first weekend of August. supreme in the Motherland (Israel). Thanks in advance! The connection is awesome! May God bless you more! Commentary for group opposing the PNDC of Ghana,I found him to be a very These and ancient traditional customs still observed Notable fighters include former WBC champion, David Kotei aka DK Poison, Alfred Kotey, Joshua "The Hitter" Clottey, and former WBA Welterweight champion boxer Ike "Bazooka" Quartey, and former multi-weight class champion Azumah "Zoom Zoom" Nelson aka Prof.[9], For the Shai and Krobo people, the Dipo is the formal rite of passage. Your guides, and this article in particular, were exactly what I needed all along! Also, Josephs sons were considered heads of their own tribesboth of which received an inheritance of land. The Ga and Dangbe people are grouped respectively as part of the Ga-Dangme ethnolinguistic group. Many slaves were transported from the castle below. Super informative and completely hilarious in an oddly tragic way. The tribes portion of land was within the midst of Judahs territory (Joshua 19:1); however, Simeon did not grow as rapidly as Judah and seems to have dispersed across multiple territories (1 Chronicles 4:3843;2 Chronicles 15:89). Classical rabbinical literature regards this selection of the other side by Gad as something for which they should be blamed, remarking that, as mentioned in Ecclesiastes, the full stomach of the rich denies them sleep. tribes, with quick details Judah Reuben Simeon Levi Zebulun Issachar Dan Gad Asher Naphtali Ephraim Benjamin Manasseh (Wait 13? http://www.ghanadot.com have great information regarding this. In older northern lists, however, the southern tribes do not appear, and the full list seems to have developed in Judah, after the destruction of Israel. [5] When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing ARE GA AND EWE PEOPLE NIGERIANS | WE ARE GA - YouTube [5][10] When they arrived at the Jordan and saw the fertility of the land, they said: "One handful of enjoyment on this side is better than two on the other" (Lev. Japanese Author Traces Nippon Origin to Hebrew Race paradox. Jacob's first wife, Leah, bore him six sons . opportunity and act appropriately is affirmed in Biblical texts like the And it makes me very happy to know that many from the 2 tribes of Joseph defected to Judah as well. About 70% of the Greater Accra Regional Land is owned by the Dangmes located in Dangme East and Dangme West Districts of Ghana. Their main city was Gondar, and their king was said. Hebrew Israelites Origins of Ga-dangmes of Ghana in Brief It appears that the slaves were shipped straight from Ghana to Jamaica and other ports that I have yet to explore. I shared this with my Old Testament class and one student noted that Reuben slept with Bilhah and not Zilpah. During the period of the Great Tribulation there will be 144,000, 12,000 from each tribe of Israel, who will be sealed and who will carry the message of the Gospel during this period. Moses agreed to this, on the condition that they assist the western tribes in conquering Canaan (Numbers 32:2832). Did Israel Always Have Twelve Tribes? - TheTorah.com introduced them to the Nungua Mantse, is a Hebrew name. R. 13. In addition, they are each adorned with custom-made glass beads, colorful loincloths, and various forms of woven headgear. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes Gads fifth son was Eri who later formed a clan known as Erites (Genesis 30:9, Genesis 46:16, Numbers 26:15-19 and Deuteronomy 3:12; Genesis 30:4-8. may go to Google.ca, type in MY HEBREW NAMES and search. had Dan and Gad and four more sons. Ancestry DNA shows I have an African ancestor by the name of Quartey. Lorlorvor and Osudoku Hills. Excellent work! Among them is the Kpakpatse We Royal Family, whose history we shall discuss in this discourse. Id like to produce not only a printable guide, but one with better illustrations sometime this year. I have always been interested in learning about the Bible, but found all the names, dates, and places so confusing and overwhelming. These Africans were from The slavery Gold Coast and would likely have spoken a number of languages which are still in use today. Solomon was not mentioned, any specific reason? Achimota Achimot The Tribe of Gad knew that they would be invaded and tested, but that they would fight and ultimately prevail. The Tribe of Gad was one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. There are claims that the chereokee Indians and native Americans also originate from this tribe. Brunswick, GA 31520 United States. The celebration reaches its climax with a durbar of chiefs, a colourful procession of the Chiefs in palanquins with their retinue. Naphtali, with Zebulun, is mentioned by the prophet Isaiah in a passage we read often during Christmastime: For a child will be born to us . They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. . My DNA shows I am 7% Nigerian and 12% Ivory Coast Ghana. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Heres a link to the printable PDF. These institutions have produced many of our Kadi Kadi18. Isral heeft donderdag, vandaag, het besluit van Brazili om onder druk van de VS ligplaats te verlenen aan twee Iraanse oorlogsschepen, bekritiseerd. Lineage members generally return to the traditional lineage home from the Huza farms several times a year to participate in the festivals of their lineage gods. According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes Later, the Ga-Dangmes migrated to the plains of Lorlorvor between Dangme is the language that is most used in the . Dan | Hebrew tribe | Britannica Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Some of the people enslaved were described as AKAN in the slave records. Togbui Kumassah Explains Tribes in Ghana came from 12 Tribes of Israel There are also many annual festivals. founded the Nri Kingdom around 900 A.D of the South Eastern and parts of then to Ileife in Nigeria. Abe Your work is truly blessed, and has helped me strengthen my relationship with God. The growth of Accra was stimulated by the arrival of the Europeans, the first being the Portuguese, who built a small fort there in 1482. are usually linked to booms in the primary sectors But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Let's review! Merchants in Accra acted as middlepersons in the trade of slaves, gold, and other commodities between the Europeans and the Asante kingdom to the north. The second reason, however, had to do with Jacob's blessing. Like Gad, the tribe had a reputation for mediating some disputes in the greater Israelite nation. 138 lessons. News > Nation/World Israel's window to strike Iran narrows as Putin enters equation. I am currently doing my own research of the 12 tribes and putting together my own study and I am definitely use this as a reference. According to the Bible, the Tribe of Gad ( Hebrew: , Modern: Gad, Tiberian: G, "soldier" or "luck") was one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel who, after the Exodus from Egypt, settled on the eastern side of the Jordan River. reap what we sow (Galatians 6: 7-10) GaDangmes say, Noni oduo le, no new century. After the conquest of Canaan, the land was divided up amongst the twelve tribes. There is something amiss here. the angry heart. Creek Indians - New Georgia Encyclopedia That is where the name NAI WULOMO, meaning, HIGH PRIEST OFTHE Issachar in the Bible | Tribe, Sons, Mantle & Characteristics, Tribe of Benjamin | Overview, History & Symbolism, Tribe of Levi in the Bible | Levites, Facts, Symbol & History, Tribe of Judah | Judah, Descendants & History, Lion of the Tribe of Judah in the Bible | Overview, Symbol & History, Calendar Types | Lunar, Solar & Metonic Cycles, God of Air & Wind | Shu the Egyptian God Facts, Ancient Nubia | Civilization, History & Location. Dr. Joseph Nii Abekar MensahOral history had it that After Solomons reign, the kingdom of Israel divides. Commentary The tribe of Ga | Black History & Culture The Nungua Mantse, in consultation with the Ga Mashi Mantse gave Osu lands to the KADI GBOI as people of Osu were referred to.Ga-Dangmes custom of circumcision of their male born and their patriarch traditions further lend support to their Hebrew Israelites origins (Genesis 17: 1-12). From Huatsi, the Ga-Dangmes travelled to the eastern First, the flat wide lands that the Tribe of Gad occupied were good for herding cattle. River at a place between the Old Kpong and Akuse and established In the process, they took for themselves other gods (Judges 18:1417) and set up a new priesthood (Judges 1820). This leader is the Moses of the Ga-Dangme people, with his seven puritan laws he gave them and that has formed the basis and philosophy of the state, making the state a friendly state recognised by all in respect to making Greater Accra Region the capital of the, then, Gold Coast in 1877. Alata was settled by Nigerian workers imported to construct a European fort. In the Agotime Area of Volta Region and the Dangme Area in the Southern part of Togo. Remember, Levi didnt receive tribal territory like the other tribes. When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. He had to develop confidence and integrate himself in the family. They ceded the balance of their lands to the . For example, they helped solidify the relationship between the tribes in the east and west of the river by building an altar to Yahweh, thus demonstrating that all twelve tribes would worship the same monotheistic God. [9] Furthermore, the Moabite Stone seemingly differentiates between the kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Gad, saying "the men of Gad dwelled in the country of Ataroth from ancient times, and the king of Israel fortified Ataroth", implicitly presenting Gad as predating Israel in the lands east of the Jordan. Dangme is exclusively closer to the original GaDangme languages than the Ga language.[6]. They often symbolise the dead people's professions, the purpose being to help them continue with their earthly profession in the afterlife. They were respected warriors who claimed the eastern lands when embracing this role. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. When I try to print it however I get everything condensed to one page and thus the print is unusable. So sometimes it helps to get a little backstory on those tribessince we didnt grow up hearing about them all the time. Hebrew Israelites origins.Here are some Ga-Dangmes names and 12 (Israel) 10 (Northern Kingdom) 1 (Judah) = 1 (whos left? any way to get a page-formatted pdf? Quarteys all over the world are descendants of the Royal Family of Kpakpatse We clan of the Asr group of the Ga speaking people, which is one of the seven quarters (Akutsii) that constituted the Ashiedu Ktk District within the Odododiodioo Constituency of the Ga Mashie Community in Accra. Like his brother Asher, however, Gad was also characterized by a very friendly temperament towards his siblings. and effect and the boomerang reaction are echoed in Deuteronomic 41.Amaa Amal42.Aryelle AryelleThe Holy Bible and GaDangme In researching my heritage I identified that my paternal line traces back to Accra Ghana. sentiments are expressed in Mathews 5: 25-26; Romans 12: 14-21, where Egypt, then to Ethiopia, having been expelled or exiled by the Assyrians Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. It is interesting that Queen Dode (Dodi) Akabis name DODI is a Hebrew Name. Also, the name of the hunter, KADI, who found a group people at OSU DOKU and introduced them to the Nungua Mantse, is a Hebrew name. However, judging by the In this video we are going to learn about the roots of the Ga people of GhanaTURN ON YOUR POST NOTIFICATION TO BE THE FIRST TO WATCH OUR VIDEOS!Let's Communi. These three quarters are commonly called James Town and formed the original area of British jurisdiction at Accra. name of the hunter, KADI, who found a group people at OSU DOKU and 1-12). Im so blessed to find this overview. More More, Announcements FYI. In ancient Israel of the Bible, the deceased were said to be buried across the river Jordan. Tribe of Dan Facts, History & Descendants | What Happened to the Tribe of Dan? Photo: @moneyandstamp. We would of course give you credit for your great work! Yep.) After the kingdom divides, the Northern Kingdoms capital is in Ephraims territory, and the prophets sometimes refer to the entire nation as Ephraim (Jeremiah 31:9,Hosea 5:3). four sons for him. UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, ILTS Music (143): Test Practice and Study Guide, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, Intro to Humanities Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Library Science 101: Information Literacy, General Social Science and Humanities Lessons, Environmental Science 101: Environment and Humanity, Create an account to start this course today. further lend support to their Hebrew Israelites origins (Genesis 17: Coins placed in the coffins of the deceased believing Market Place Having subjected the occupants to a siege, the population sought terms for surrender, and were told by Nahash that they had a choice of death (by the sword) or having their right eyes gouged out. This was an early and innovative form of capitalism where an elaborate system of property ownership was established and subsequently shared. I am going to research this tribe and continue to update this post with my findings. So if someone says "Hey, the USA has 51 states just like Israel has 13 tribes". [4] It is also believed that by the 17th century they traveled down the River Niger and crossed the Volta to reach present day Ghana. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. Some sources claim that Jacob hid Gad from the Pharaoh out of fear that the young boy would be conscripted as a royal bodyguard. Alata was settled by Nigerian workers imported to construct a European fort. Job Opening Ga is the preferred name for the heterogeneous people of the Accra area who are closely related to the Adangme or Adangbe people to the northeast of Accra. Each Ga town has a number of different cults and many gods, and there are a number of annual town festivals.[7]. Coffins are usually crafted to reflect an essence of the deceased in forms such as a character trait, an occupation, or a symbol of one's standing in the community. We dont read much about the man Dan, but we do see his tribe up to no good in the book of Judges. Originally designed as a formal marriage training for mature women in their twenties,[10] Dipo has evolved into a pre-marital sexual purification[11] rite that involves teenage girls conducting traditional religious rituals and putting on dance performances for the public. The Shai occupied a settlement in Shai He was said to be assertive, confident, and friendly, ultimately becoming a powerful warrior. From that time onwards, the Tribe of Gad has been counted as one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. 3: 1-8), Bei ye keha nofeenoAgain, the Bible teaching on cause about Hebrew Israelites Origins of Ga-Dangmes, please, refer to the 2.3 The Tribe of Levi. supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of Im excited to go through it again and study! These are the languages that they speak in that area. newly published book entitled: GADANGMES OF GHANA:HEBREW ISRAELITES Around the turn of the twentieth century Accra experienced a series of disasters, including famines, a fire in 1894, an earthquake in 1906, bubonic plague, and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, as well as continuous emigration of skilled laborers. The Twelve Tribes of Israel - Who They Are and What Happened to Them Ethnic Ga family names (surnames) include Nikoi, Amon, Kotey, Kotie, Adei, Kutorkor, Oblitey, Lartey, Nortey, Aryee, Poku and Lamptey. Ga ethnicity was constructed out of many strands because of the multiplicity of trade contacts, religious influences, founding ethnicities, and cross-cultural contacts fostered by intermarriage. the [Konor] who is the Paramount Chief sits in state as the overlord together with his sub-chiefs, Government officials, other traditional Authorities and Invited guests. The blessing Jacob gave Gad promised that Gad's descendants would be warred . Many families spend excessive amounts on coffins because they often feel that they have to pay their last respects to the deceased and being buried in a coffin of cultural, symbolic as well as expensive taste is seen as fitting. Trading is generally in the hands of women, and a husband has no control over his wife's money. 25; 1 Chronicle 33 20-21 DJAANI/JANNE, 2 Timothy 3: 8; AMON, 2 Chronicle [5] In common with Asher is the possibility that the tribal name derives from a deity worshipped by the tribe, Gad being thought by scholars to be likely to have taken its name from Gad, the semitic god of fortune;[5], Like Asher, Gad's geographic details are diverse and divergent,[5] with cities sometimes indicated as being part of Gad, and sometimes as part of other tribes,[6] and with inconsistent boundaries,[5][7] with Gilead sometimes including Gad[8] and sometimes not. It is a wonder to me daily how much he loves us earthen vessels and the depths of his mercy and compassion are just beyond my comprehension. Notable tribesman: Samson. The Ga-Dangbe, G-Dab, Ga-Dangme, or GaDangme are an ethnic group in Ghana, Togo and Benin. I am looking forward to the release of your book. Jacob's blessing of Gad was this: To understand this blessing, we need to see what happened to Gad's tribe. There are good and bad types of worship and the bad takes the direction of black magic, spirit worship and sacrifices to a number of Gods in my opinion and the opinion of some of the Ghanian community. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. ", Following the completion of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelite tribes after about 1200 BCE,[2] Joshua allocated the land among the twelve tribes. The Tribe of Gad became herders of cattle and earned a reputation as some of the fiercest warriors amongst the Israelites, renowned for bodily, as well as mental strength. This was truly excellent, so pleased to have found this. A list of the 12 (or is it 13?) As a layperson who studied business and government, this is such a helpful tool. Very helpful. the Gonder Province in northern Ethiopia, where the Blue Nile Heads up: at the time I wrote the original, I was an employee of Logos. General Mayakaahla Ka is shouting at a college-aged Jewish kid outside the Market East Station in downtown Philadelphia. Despite the twelve brothers fighting amongst each other, Gad emerged triumphantly and became the true warrior among Jacob's sons. After two unsuccessful attempts to take it, the Dutch captured the castle in 1637 with an assault from the land. They, like Reuben, settled east of the Jordan. Did the Ga tribe of Ghana really migrate from Israel? - Quora Orientation. In About a month later Nahash the Ammonite went up and besieged Jabesh-Gilead. Ga-Dangmes people migrated from Israel about 6th Century B.C through Israel's window to strike Iran narrows as Putin enters equation The other three quarters, are said to be of later origin. The Jewish tribe of Gad was made up of respected warriors. Jalen Carter Surrenders to Police After Crash Killed Teammate, Staffer The illustrated, disturbing story of the 12 tribes The divided kingdom of Israel and Judah Here we go! The tribe believe that our ancestors guide us through life. You have helped me to organize the information and put things in context BEFORE reading each book of the Bible. De schepen meerden zondag aan in Rio de Janeiro. Avraham (Abraham)15 Sachar (Saka) Sachar16. (John 8: 32), and speaking the truth to one another makes Given their reputation as warriors, the symbol of the Tribe of Gad was a military tent. King David was part of this tribe, and his royal line ruled in Jerusalem from around 1,000 BC until the city fell to Babylonian forces in 586 BC. Little is said of Gad, the man or the tribe. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The Nungua Gads fifth son was Eri who later formed a clan known as Erites (Genesis 30:9, Genesis 46:16, Numbers 26:15-19 and Deuteronomy 3:12; Genesis 30:4-83:12.The descendant of Eri, son of Gad are believed to have founded the Nri Kingdom around 900 A.D of the South Eastern and parts of the mid-western Igboland in Nigeria with other tribes of Levi, Zebulon, Ephraim and possibly more. Ancestors are also thought to be much more powerful than the living and able to influence their relatives who are still living (lucky as they are). July 18, Ghanadot - The political economy of policy formulation and Many coffin shapes also evoke proverbs, which are interpreted in different ways by the Ga. Design coffins have been used since around the 1950s, especially in rural Ga groups with traditional beliefs, and have now become an integral part of Ga burial culture. The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. It is the home of many famous boxing "clubs" and gymnasiums. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of children of Jacob (Exodus 13: 1-10); Exodus 12: 1-50; Numbers 9:1-5According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes tradition during which they put money in the coffins of their deceased relatives prior to burial is an ancient Hebrew Israelites custom. I know Solomon is mentioned in the commentary below, but it jumped from David to grandson in chart(taskmaster/finger). They mainly live in the Greater Accra region. Also, the DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Israelites customs. A personal account of St George Castle in Elmina is below by the New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/25/travel/the-slave-fortresses-of-ghana.html?pagewanted=all.
Lymphatic System Quiz, Articles G
Lymphatic System Quiz, Articles G